Trước khi Ninakawa qua đời thiền sư Ikkyu đến thăm ông. “Tôi dẫn độ cho anh nhé?” Ikkyu hỏi.

Ninikawa trả lời: “Tôi đến đây một mình và tôi đi một mình. Thiền sư giúp tôi được gì?”

Ikkyu nói: “Nếu anh nghĩ là anh thật có đến và đi, đó là ảo tưởng của anh. Để tôi chỉ cho anh con đường trên đó chẳng có đến, chẳng có đi.”

Với các lời giảng, Ikkyu đã chỉ ra con đường rõ ràng đến nỗi Ninakawa mỉm cười và từ trần.
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Bình:

• Ikkyu chính là người con trai nhận di chúc của mẹ trong bài Di Chúc ta đã nói qua. Người ta nói rằng Ikkyu là con không chính thức của Thiên hoàng Go-Komatsu.

Ikkyū (一休宗純 Ikkyū Sōjun, 1394-1481) là một thiền sư và thi sĩ lập dị hàng đầu trong lịch sử Thiền tông Nhật Bản. Ikkyu học nhiều thầy, nhưng không thích chùa chiền và cái mà Ikkyu cho là đạo đức giả và sự lười biếng của các nhà sư, nên chỉ sống lang thang ngoài đường. Tuy vậy Ikkyu vẫn có nhiều bạn bè trong giới thi ca và nghệ sĩ.

Ikkyu thích ăn ngon, thi ca, âm nhạc, và công khai ca tụng tình dục (sex) như là một phần tự nhiên của đời sống con người. Ikkyu có người yêu là cô ca kỹ mù Mori và làm một số bài thơ về nàng. Người ta cho rằng Ikkyu là người đã tạo ra truyền thống Thiền Chỉ Đỏ (Red Thread Zen), một nhánh của thiền Lâm Tế chấp nhận tình dục (sex) và cho phép các sư và ni được lập gia đình.

Dù Ikkyu thích đi lang thang và không ưa chùa chiền, khi chùa Daitoku-ji, một chùa Lâm Tế lớn ở Tokyo, bị hủy hoại trong trận nội chiến Ōnin (応仁の乱 Ōnin no Ran, 1467 – 1477), Thiên hoàng Go-Tsuchimikado chỉ định Ikkyū làm sư trụ trì. Ikkyu bất đắc dĩ phải nhận lời, và có công rất lớn trong việc gầy dựng chùa này trở lại. Chức vụ này cũng đặt Ikkyu vào vị trí truyền nhân chính thức và quan trọng của dòng thiền Lâm Tế.

Ikkyu có ảnh hường rất lớn trong văn hóa phổ thông của Nhật ngày nay. Các trẻ em xem Ikkyu là một anh hùng, thường xuyên phê phán quan chức sư sãi. Có rất nhiều sách truyện và phim hoạt hoạ trẻ em nói về cuộc đời Ikkyu.

Ikkyu cũng ảnh hưởng nhiều đến thi ca và nghệ thuật Nhật và góp phần lớn trong việc đưa Thiền vào mọi lãnh vực của đời sống Nhật.

• Ikkyu đã nói gì với Ninakawa?

Dĩ nhiên là ta không biết. Tuy nhiên, Ikkyu có để lại nhiều bài thiền thi, trong đó bài nổi tiếng nhất là “Các Bộ Xương” (Skeletons), tóm tắt những điều quan trọng để “để lại” như là một di chúc. Có lẽ điều gì đó Ikkyu đã nói với Ninakawa cũng không ngoài bài thơ này. Bài thơ nói sâu hơn về các điểm mà mẹ của Ikkyu đã để lại cho Ikkyu trong chúc thư ngắn ngủi của bà nhiều năm về trước, chứng tỏ là lời mẹ đã không bao giờ phai trong lòng Ikkyu.

Các Bộ Xương, một tuyệt tác văn chương, với đạo pháp sâu sắc:

Skeletons

Students, sit earnestly in zazen, and you will realize that everything born in this world is ultimately empty, including oneself and the original face of existence. All things indeed emerge out of emptiness. The original formlessness is the “Buddha,” and all other similar terms — Buddha-nature, Buddhahood, Buddha-mind, Awakened One, Patriarch, God — are merely different express- ions for the same emptiness. Misunderstand this and you will end up in hell.

One night . . . a pitiful -looking skeleton appeared and said these words:

A melancholy autumn wind
Blows through the world;
The pampas grass waves,
As we drift to the moor,
Drift to the sea.

What can be done
With the mind of a man
That should be clear
But though he is dressed up in a monk’s robe,
Just lets life pass him by?

Toward dawn I dozed off, and in my dream I found myself surrounded by a group of skeletons . . . . One skeleton came over to me and said:

Memories
Flee and
Are no more.
All are empty dreams
Devoid of meaning.

Violate the reality of things
And babble about
“God” and “the Buddha”
And you will never find
the true Way.

I liked this skeleton . . . . He saw things clearly, just as they are. I lay there with the wind in the pines whispering in my ears and the autumn moonlight dancing across my face.

What is not a dream? Who will not end up as a skeleton? We appear as skeletons covered with skin — male and female — and lust after each other. When the breath expires, though, the skin ruptures, sex disappears, and there is no more high or low. Underneath the skin of the person we fondle and caress right now is nothing more than a set of bare bones. Think about it — high and low, young and old, male and female, all are the same. Awaken to this one great matter and you will immediately comprehend the meaning of “unborn and undying.”

If chunks of rock
Can serve as a memento
To the dead,
A better headstone
Would be a simple tea-mortar.

Humans are indeed frightful beings.

A single moon
Bright and clear
In an unclouded sky;
Yet still we stumble
In the world’s darkness.

Have a good look — stop the breath, peel off the skin, and everybody ends up looking the same. No matter how long you live the result is not altered[even for emperors]. Cast off the notion that “I exist.” Entrust yourself to the wind-blown clouds, and do not wish to live for ever.

This world
Is but
A fleeting dream
So why be alarmed
At its evanescence?

Your span of life is set and entreaties to the gods to lengthen it are to no avail. Keep your mind fixed on the one great matter of life and death. Life ends in death, that’s the way things are.

The vagaries of life
Though painful,
Teach us
Not to cling
To this floating world.

Why do people
Lavish decoration
On this set of bones
Destined to disappear
Without a trace?

The original body
Must return to
Its original place:
Do not search
For what cannot be found.

No one really knows
The nature of birth
Nor the true dwelling place:
We return to the source,
And turn to dust.

Many paths lead from
The foot of the mountain
But at the peak
We all gaze at the
Single bright moon.

If at the end of our journey
There is no final
Resting place
Then we need not fear
Losing our way.

No beginning,
No end;
Our mind
Is born and dies:
The emptiness of emptiness!

Let up
And the mind
Runs wild;
Control the [mind]
And you can cast it aside.

Rain, hail, snow, and ice:
All separate
But when they fall
They become the same water
Of the valley stream.

The ways of proclaiming
The Mind all vary
But the same heavenly truth
Can be seen
In each and every one.

Cover your path
With fallen pine needles
So no one will be able
To locate your
True dwelling place.

How vain
The endless funerals at the
Cremation grounds of Mount Toribe:
Don’t the mourners realize
That they will be next?

“Life is fleeting!”
We think at the sight
Of smoking drifting from Mount Toribe:
But when will we realize
That we are in the boat?

All is vain!
This morning,
A healthy friend;
This evening,
A wisp of cremation smoke.

What a pity!
Evening smoke from Mount Toribe
Blown violently
To and fro
By the wind.

When burned
It becomes ashes,
And the earth when buried.
Is it only our sins
That remain behind?

All the sins
Committed
In the Three Worlds
Will fade away
Together with me.

This is how the world is. Those who have not grasped the world’s impermanence are astonished and terrified by such change. Few today seek Buddhist truth, and the monasteries are largely empty. Priests now are mostly ignorant and shun zazen as a bother; they are derelict in their meditation, concentrating on decorating their temples. Their zazen is a sham, and they are merely masquerading as monks – the robes they sport will become the heavy coats of torture someday.

Within the cosmos of birth and death, the taking of life leads to hell; greed leads to rebirth as a hungry ghost; ignorance causes one to be reborn as an animal; anger turns one into a demon. Follow the precepts and you will attain rebirth as a human being. Do good deeds and you ascent to the level of the gods. Above these six realms there are four levels of the Wise Buddhists, altogether ten realms of existence. However, One Thought of Enlightenment reveals them to be formless, with nothing in between, and not to be loathed, feared, or desired. Existence is perceived as being nothing more than a wispy cloud in the vast sky or foam on the water. No thoughts arise in the mind, so no elements are created. Mind and objects are one and empty, beyond any doubts.

Human birth is like a fire – the father is the flint, the mother the stone, and the resulting spark is the child. The fire is ignited with the base elements and burns until it exhausts the fuel. The lovemaking between the father and mother produces the spark of life. Since the parents are without beginning, they too flicker out; all things emerge from emptiness – the source of every form. Free yourself from forms and return to the original ground of being. From this ground, life issues forth, but let go of this too.

Break open
A cherry tree
And there are no flowers
But the spring breeze
Brings forth myriad blossoms!

Without a bridge
Clouds climb effortlessly
To heaven;
No need to rely on
Anything Gotama Buddha taught.

Gotama Buddha proclaimed the Dharma for fifty years, and when his disciple Kashyapa asked him for the key to his teaching, Buddha said, “From beginning to end I have not proclaimed a single word,” and held up a flower. Kashyapa smiled and Buddha gave him the flower, saying these words: “You posses the Wondrous mind of the True Law.” “What do you mean?” asked Kashyapa. “My fifty years of preaching,” Buddha told him, “has been beckoning to you all the while, just like attracting a child into one’s arms with the promise of a reward.”

This flower of the Dharma cannot be described in physical, mental or verbal terms. It is not material or spiritual. It is not intellectual knowledge. Our Dharma is the Flower of the One Vehicle carrying all the Buddhas of the past, present, and future. It holds the twenty-eight Indian and six Chinese patriarchs; it is the original ground of being – all there is. All things are without beginning and are thus all-inclusive. The eight senses, the four seasons, the four great elements (earth, water, fire, wind), all originate in emptiness, but few realize it. Wind is breath, fire is animation, water is blood; when the body is buried or burned it becomes earth. Yet these elements too are without beginning and never abide.

In this world,
All things, without exception,
Are unreal:
Death itself is
An illusion.

Delusion makes it appear that though the body dies, the soul endures – this is a grave error. The enlightened declare that both body and soul perish together. “Buddha” is emptiness, and heaven and earth return to the original ground of being. I’ve set aside the eighty thousand books of scripture and given you the essence is this slim volume. This will bring you great bliss.

Writing something
To leave behind
Is yet another kind of dream
When I awake I know that
There will be no one to read it.

Zen Master Ikkyu
John Stevens translated from Japanese

(Trần đình Hoành dịch và bình)

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The True Path

Just before Ninakawa passed away the Zen master Ikkyu visited him. “Shall I lead you on?” Ikkyu asked.

Ninakawa replied: “I came here alone and I go alone. What help could you be to me?”

Ikkyu answered: “If you think you really come and go, that is your delusion. Let me show you the path on which there is no coming and going.”

With his words, Ikkyu had revealed the path so clearly that Ninakawa smiled and passed away.

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